In a previous post, I wrote about Mitsubishi’s wind patent-based antitrust suit against GE. 

In this case, Mitsubishi has alleged that GE filed baseless lawsuits against Mitsubishi asserting patents GE knows are invalid as part of an anticompetitive scheme to monopolize the U.S. market for variable speed wind turbines. 

Mitsubishi further alleges that all five of the patents involved in those suits were procured or enforced through fraud.  Those patents are U.S. Patent Nos. 5,083,039, 6,921,985, 7,321,221, 6,879,055 and 7,629,705 .

The infringement suits at issue include a 2008 investigation in the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), a suit brought by GE in September 2009 in the Southern District of Texas and an action GE initiated in February in the Northern District of Texas.

Last month Judge J. Leon Holmes of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Arkansas granted GE’s motion to stay the antitrust case pending resolution of the subject patent infringement actions.  Judge Holmes denied GE’s motion to dismiss the antitrust case.

A stay is “warranted,” according to the Opinion and Order (mitsubishi-ge_order.pdf), because a victory by GE in any of the subject patent infringement actions would render the antitrust case moot and demonstrate that Mitsubishi’s antitrust claims lack merit:

First, if GE prevails in any of the infringement actions, then Mitsubishi’s claims in this action will be moot because GE will have the right to exclude Mitsubishi from the market. . . .Secondly, a final victory by GE in either of the infringement actions would establish that the action was not sham litigation because ‘[a] winning lawsuit is by definition a reasonable effort at petitioning for redress and therefore not a sham.’

On the motion to dismiss, GE contended that Mitsubishi’s antitrust claims were baseless because GE had achieved some preliminary success in its ITC case in an administrative law judge’s (ALJ) initial decision, later reversed in part, that found Mitsubishi had infringed GE’s patents. 

GE also asserted that Mitsubishi did not plead its fraud allegations with sufficient particularity.

The Opinion noted that the ALJ decision may be evidence that the ITC case was not a sham, but is not conclusive on the issue. 

Judge Holmes further held that Mitsubishi had adequately pleaded the fraud allegations because it identified each patent application asserted to be fraudulent and which aspects of the patent applications were allegedly fraudulent.

Though Judge Holmes has put the brakes on this case, there is still plenty of action between GE and Mitsubishi:  the ITC case is currently on appeal before the Federal Circuit, the case filed in the Northern District of Texas is going forward, and Mitsubishi recently brought its own wind patent infringement suit against GE in Florida.

In previous posts (here, here and here) I’ve discussed GE’s wind power patent suits against its Japanese rival Mitsubishi. 

Mitsubishi struck back recently with a lawsuit of its own accusing GE of violating U.S. antitrust laws (see Mitsubishi’s press release here). 

The complaint (mitsubishi_antitrust_complaint.pdf), filed in federal court in Arkansas, alleges that GE has engaged in an anticompetitive scheme to monopolize the U.S. market for variable speed wind turbines.

According to the allegations, GE has been trying to intimidate Mitsubishi’s potential customers through “serial” baseless claims of patent infringement and public statements about Mitsubishi’s alleged infringement.

The complaint further alleges that GE’s intimidation tactics included advising Mitsubishi’s customers to take licenses to GE patents or risk infringement suits.  Sonia Williams, a Mitsubishi spokeswoman, said that GE was seeking “exorbitant licensing fees.” 

Mitsubishi claims that GE’s alleged scheme has worked as Mitsubishi’s $2 billion in annual U.S. sales of variable speed wind turbines has dropped to zero since initiation of the first patent infringement suit.

The alleged anticompetitive behavior centers on what Mitsubishi says are sham lawsuits asserting variable speed wind turbine patents that GE allegedly knew were invalid.

According to Mitsubishi, U.S. Patent No. 5,083,039 (’039 Patent), which GE acquired in 2002 from Enron’s bankruptcy estate, is invalid in view of GE’s own prior art report on work the company did in the 1980′s as part of a U.S. government funded program.

This particular prior art was not previously raised despite two investigations in the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) involving the ’039 Patent.  One reason for this is that the first ITC case, between Kenetech/Zond and Enercon, was based on claim 131 of the ’039 Patent while Mitsubishi’s invalidity assertion involves claim 121.

Mitsubishi’s complaint also questions the validity and enforceability of other patents GE has asserted, including U.S. Patent Nos. 7,321,221 (’221 Patent) and 6,921,985 (’985 Patent). 

Specifically, Mitsubishi alleges that GE withheld material prior art from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office during prosecution of the application that issued as the ’221 Patent and knowingly omitted an inventor from the application that issued as the ’985 Patent. 

The same day it filed the antitrust suit, Mitsubishi also fired off a patent infringement complaint (mitsubishi_complaint.pdf) in the Middle District of Florida, accusing GE of infringing U.S. Patent No. 7,452,185, entitled “Blade-pitch-angle control device and wind power generator.”

Interestingly, this is not the first green patent war that reached a climax in an antitrust suit.  After years of global litigation between LED rivals Nichia and Seoul Semiconductor (Seoul), Seoul accused Nichia of repeatedly filing baseless patent suits to squeeze it out of the market for white side-view LEDs (see my post here).

Shortly thereafter, Nichia and Seoul announced a global settlement. 

Perhaps green patent history will repeat itself.  The two new Mitsubishi suits may increase Mitsubishi’s leverage and lead the parties to the negotiating table. 

In previous posts here and here, I discussed the General Electric Company’s (GE) two wind turbine patent actions against Mitsubishi, one in the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) and the other in federal court in the Southern District of Texas. 

Last month GE added a third case to the mix when it sued Mitsubishi for infringement of two patents relating to a wind turbine base frame and zero voltage ride through (ZVRT) technology. 

Filed in the Northern District of Texas in Dallas, the complaint (gecomplaint.pdf) identifies Mitsubishi’s 2.4 megawatt wind turbine as the allegedly infringing product.

The patents-in-suit are U.S. Patent Nos. 6,879,055 (’055 Patent) and 7,629,705 (’705 Patent).  The ’055 Patent is directed to a two-part base frame for arranging a drive train on the tower of a wind turbine.

The upper part (6) of the base frame carries the drive train, and the lower part (16) of the base frame has an azimuthal drive device (23), which rotates azimuthally to adjust the rotor axis as a function of wind direction. 

The connection point (15) that joins the upper and lower parts of the base frame extends along a horizontal cross-section having a larger dimension in the direction of the rotor axis than in the perpendicular direction. 

According to the ’055 Patent, this construction of the connection point (15) is favorable for absorption of stress from the rotor.  The two-part design also makes transport and assembly of the base frame easier.

The ’705 Patent, which issued in December 2009, relates to methods of facilitating zero voltage ride through so the turbine can remain online during voltage dips down to zero volts. 

As the ’705 Patent explains, some gearless direct drive wind turbine generators include power converters, and both the generators and the converters are susceptible to grid voltage fluctuations. 

The patented methods mitigate wind turbine generator trips during events in which voltage amplitude decreases to zero volts, as opposed to known low voltage ride through methods that can handle less extreme voltage drops.

The patented systems and methods include a phase-locked loop (PLL) regulator to receive voltage measurement signals from a plurality of voltage transducers.  The PLL regulator includes a PLL that receives the sinusoidal voltage measurement signals.

If a voltage amplitude is outside a pre-determined range, an algorithm within the PLL generates a control signal and the PLL regulator changes to a different mode or state of operation.  A plurality of states of operation are possible, with varying parameters such as gain constants.

According to the ’705 Patent:

the plurality of states of operation facilitate zero voltage ride through (ZVRT) as well as other grid faults while also facilitating normal operation   

This lawsuit comes shortly after the ITC terminated GE’s complaint against Mitsubishi.  GE’s infringement suit in the Southern District of Texas has been stayed pending a final determination of the ITC case.

Mitsubishi has pulled off a come-from-behind victory in a wind turbine patent case against General Electric (GE) in the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC). 

In a Notice issued on January 8th, the ITC terminated its investigation of GE’s complaint and found Mitsubishi did not violate any claims of the three patents asserted by GE.

GE filed the complaint in March of 2008, accusing Mitsubishi of infringing certain claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 5,083,039 (’039 Patent) and 6,921,985 (’985 Patent).  GE later amended the complaint to include U.S. Patent No. 7,321,221 (’221 Patent). 

The ’039 Patent is entitled “Variable speed wind turbine” and is directed to a variable speed turbine that provides responsive control of generator torque. 

The ’985 Patent is entitled “Low voltage ride through for wind turbine generators” and is directed to a wind turbine that includes a blade pitch control system and a turbine controller coupled with the blade pitch control system. 

The ’221 Patent is entitled “Method for operating a wind power plant and method for operating it” and is directed to improved methods for stabilizing the supply voltage to a wind turbine after voltage drops without jeopardizing the electrical components of the turbine.  

A more detailed discussion of the asserted patents can be found in my previous post on the federal court case between GE and Mitsubishi here.

The ITC decision to let Mitsubishi off the hook reversed an administrative law judge’s (ALJ) ruling in August of last year that Mitsubishi had violated the ’039 and ’985 Patents. 

Shortly after the ALJ decision, an ITC investigative attorney filed a petition with the ITC commissioners questioning certain infringement findings and raising concerns about whether GE met the domestic industry requirement of Section 337.

The Notice of Termination clears the way for Mitsubishi to assemble its imported turbine components and build a $100 million wind power plant in Forth Smith, Arkansas.

The General Electric Company (GE) is the U.S. leader in installed wind capacity, and patent enforcement plays a part in that success.  Earlier this month GE sued Mitsubishi in the Southern District of Texas, alleging that its Japanese competitor’s 2.4MW turbine models infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 5,083,039 (’039 Patent), 6,921,985 (’985 Patent) and 7,321,221 (’221 Patent).

The complaint (ge_complaint.pdf) cites the sale and installation of Mitsubishi’s turbines at the Penascal and Gulf Wind wind farms in Kenedy County, Texas as infringing activities.

The asserted patents relate to energy conversion and control technology for wind turbines.  The ’039 Patent, which issued back in 1992, is directed to a variable speed wind turbine that provides responsive control of generator torque.  The patented turbine controls the torque reacted by the generators (16, 18) by controlling the stator currents or voltages and basing commands on turbine performance parameters.

Shaft speed sensors (42, 44) monitor the rotor speed of the generators and supply rotor speed information to the generator controllers (38, 40) and to a torque command device (46).  Specifically, the torque command device (46) monitors wind turbine performance parameters and sends torque control signals to the generator cotrollers (38, 40) and pitch angle control signals to a pitch control unit (48). 

The ’985 Patent is directed to a wind turbine that includes a blade pitch control system and a turbine controller coupled with the blade pitch control system.  To increase the reliability of the turbine’s power supply, the turbine controller causes the blade pitch control system to vary pitch in response to transitions between different power sources.

The ’221 Patent is directed to improved methods for stabilizing the supply voltage to a wind turbine after voltage drops without jeopardizing the electrical components of the turbine.  According to the ’221 Patent, a key step in the patented method is to resume feeding of the rotor current after variations in voltage amplitude cause decoupling of the feed-in unit.

This lawsuit appears to be the second part of a two-pronged strategy to enforce these patents against Mitsubishi.  As mentioned in the complaint, GE obtained an initial favorable decision from the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) that Mitsubishi had not successfully challenged the validity and enforceability of these patents and that the accused wind turbines infringe the patents (ge_itc_initial_determination.pdf) (see the CleanIP blog post here).

The ITC action and this new federal court case squeeze Mitsubishi both with respect to importation of its turbines at the U.S. border and as to domestically produced equipment.

Pax Scientific, Inc. (“Pax”) is a San Rafael, California company that specializes in fluid-handling technology used in applications such as fans, mixers, pumps, turbines, heat exchangers, ducts and propellers.  Pax owns U.S. Patent No. 5,934,877 (’877 patent), entitled “Rotor with logarithmic scaled shape”.

The ’877 patent is directed to a rotor, the surface of which is configured according to a logarithmic curve known as the Fibonacci Progression, or the Golden Section.  According to the ’877 patent, this type of surface is commonly found in shells of the phylum Mollusca, particularly in the classes Gastropoda (that’s squid, cuttlefish and octopus to you and me) and Cephalopoda (e.g., snails and slugs).

This is an example of biomimetics, the application of systems found in nature to the study of engineering and the development of technology.  The ’877 patent states that the invention “enables fluids to move over the surfaces of the rotor in their naturally preferred way, thereby reducing inefficiencies created through turbulence and friction…”

Claim 1 of the ’877 patent reads:

A rotor for use with a fluid flow generator or reactor, said rotor being intended to rotate about a central axis and having a surface which defines an arcuate fluid pathway for fluid flow about the central axis about which the rotor is able to rotate, wherein the surface has the configuration of a logarithmic curve substantially conforming to the Golden Section.

Last month Pax sued Re:Thought, LLC (Re:Thought), a Colorado product design consulting firm, and Robert Irwin, the company’s co-founder, in federal court in San Jose, alleging that the firm’s Biometric Horizontal Wind Axis Turbine (BioHAWT) infringes the ’877 patent. 

According to the complaint (pax_complaint.pdf), Irwin repeatedly contacted Pax’s president and CEO, Jay Harman, about developing a wind turbine using the techniques of biomimetics.  Pax alleges that Irwin revealed details about his design, including pictures and sketches, and solicited technical advice from Harman. 

Despite being warned that his design would infringe Pax’s ’877 patent, the complaint states, Irwin and Re:Thought displayed a prototype of the BioHAWT in Denver in the fall of 2008.  The complaint accuses Re:Thought of direct infringement and and Irwin of contributory infringement and inducing infringement.